Suspense of a Disease

Background: 
      DNA testing is the testing of DNA for specifics of a person's genotype. It can be used in many situations such as testing for future diseases of a newborn child to the genetic differentiation of a plant. The idea of DNA testing ranges a lot of reasons why that procedure is done. One idea could be for testing for future genetic diseases which can help others to work their way around it. The testing of DNA could also help in a crime scene, could help test for sloppy fingerprints leftover from the suspect.
     The procedure in which DNA testing is done, requires multiple steps. The first step involves DNA extraction,  PCR, and gel electrophoresis.
Purpose:
     The purpose of this lab is to test for a genetic disease within ourselves.
Procedure:
     The first step is DNA extraction, which were the cheek cells that was placed into a test tube with lysis buffer to break the cell membrane. Then the test tubes are placed into a hot water bath at near boiling point of 95 degrees Celsius to break the membrane completely. Then we add Instagene Matrix Beads, which kills the DNAse, thus preventing it to kill DNA in the open. The Second main step is PCR, which makes multiple copies of DNA, so there is a larger amount of DNA to test on. Do add the primer which targets the gene of interest. Then we put the DNA into the gel, and submerged it and run the test known as gel electrophoresis. Smaller pieces will run to the farther end, which happens to be diseased, and the larger pieces, which are healthy, do not go as far.

Possible Results may include:
bands travel far, which means it's a diseased gene
bands don't travel far, which means the genes are healthy.
one band traveled far other didn't heterozygous, dominant and recessive, one healthy one diseased.

Results:
Everyone at the lab table, tested positive for this disease, except for one person, whose bands did not appear on the gel, therefore we were unable to tell.


Source of Errors:
1. pipetting incorrectly
2. puncturing the gel
3. running the gel the wrong direction